Sea Limited Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2017 Results

SINGAPORE, Feb. 28, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Sea Limited (NYSE: SE) ("Sea" or the "Company") today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2017.

"We made excellent progress in all of our businesses in the fourth quarter," stated Forrest Li, Chairman and Group Chief Executive Officer of Sea. "Garena, our digital entertainment business, launched its first self-developed mobile game, Free Fire. Shopee, our e-commerce platform, continued to grow robustly across all of our markets, as we forged ahead in our mission to support millions of sellers across the region, and empower consumers. AirPay, our digital financial services platform, further strengthened its payment infrastructure. We remain deeply committed to serving as a key enabler to our region's rapid digital evolution."

Fourth Quarter 2017 Key Metrics

• Group
• Total adjusted revenue was US$164.5 million, up 72.8% year-on-year from US$95.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and up 8.3% quarter-on-quarter from US$151.9 million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Total adjusted EBITDA was US$(140.2) million, compared to US$(56.0) million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and US$(99.7) million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Digital Entertainment
• Adjusted revenue was US$141.9 million, up 59.2% year-on-year from US$89.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and up 5.3% quarter-on-quarter from US$134.7 million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Adjusted EBITDA was US$52.6 million, an increase of 216.4% year-on-year from US$16.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and up 16.7% quarter-on-quarter from $45.1 million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Quarterly active users ("QAU") was 87.8 million, an increase of 74.2% year-on-year from 50.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and up 27.2% quarter-on-quarter from 69.0 million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Average revenue per user ("ARPU") was US$1.6 compared to US$1.8 for the fourth quarter of 2016 and US$2.0 for the third quarter of 2017.
• E-Commerce
• Gross merchandise value ("GMV") was US$1.6 billion, an increase of 206.1% year-on-year from US$515.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and up 48.3% quarter-on-quarter from US$1.1 billion for the third quarter of 2017.
• Gross orders for the quarter was 98.3 million, an increase of 243.7% year-on-year from 28.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and up 49.2% quarter-on-quarter from 65.9 million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Adjusted revenue for the quarter was US$9.3 million, up 61.6% quarter-on-quarter from US$5.8 million. There was no e-commerce adjusted revenue for the fourth quarter of 2016.
• Adjusted EBITDA was US$(175.4) million, compared to US$(59.2) million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and US$(130.0) million for the third quarter of 2017.
• Sales and marketing as a percentage of GMV stood at 8.5%, for both the fourth quarters of 2016 and 2017, and improved from 9.7% for the third quarter of 2017.
• Digital Financial Services
• Gross transaction value of our digital financial services as a whole ("GTV") grew 310.7% year-on-year from US$250.2 million and 129.3% quarter-on-quarter from US$448.2 million to reach US$1.0 billion.

Full Year 2017 Key Metrics

• Group
• Total adjusted revenue was US$553.6 million, up 58.6% year-on-year from US$348.9 million for the full year of 2016.
• Total adjusted EBITDA was US$(332.1) million, compared to US$(130.1) million for the full year of 2016.
• Digital Entertainment
• Adjusted revenue was US$495.9 million, up 49.7% year-on-year from US$331.3 million for the full year of 2016.
• Adjusted EBITDA was US$174.9 million, an increase of 104.6% year-on-year from US$85.5 million for the full year of 2016.
• E-Commerce
• GMV was US$4.1 billion, an increase of 257.5% year-on-year from US$1.2 billion for the full year of 2016.
• Gross orders was 244.8 million, an increase of 231.7% year-on-year from 73.8 million for the full year of 2016.
• Adjusted revenue was US$17.7 million.
• Adjusted EBITDA was US$(444.3) million, compared to US$(169.7) million for the full year of 2016.
• Sales and marketing as a percentage of GMV was 8.3% compared to 11.0% for the full year of 2016.
• Digital Financial Services
• GTV grew 249.2% year-on-year from US$614.4 million to reach US$2.1 billion.

Strategic Business Updates

Digital Entertainment

Garena enjoyed healthy growth this quarter, buoyed by factors including the continued growth of one of the leading mobile games in the region, Arena of Valor. Our mobile game business has been a key beneficiary of the increasing smartphone penetration in the region. For instance, Arena of Valor has achieved 10 million daily active users ("DAU"). Moreover, we continue to complement this franchise through a growing e-sports league, video streaming options and other ancillary services.

Another important milestone this quarter was the launch of our fully self-developed game, Free Fire, on December 4, 2017. Free Fire is a "battle royale" type of mobile game developed in-house by Garena. The game was launched on both the iOS App Store and Google Play Store in many markets around the world and has achieved 6 million DAUs. We are committed to expanding our game development capabilities further, while continuing to build our position as the partner of choice in our markets for the world's leading game development studios.

E-Commerce

Shopee achieved robust growth in both GMV and gross orders in each of our markets in the fourth quarter of 2017. This growth was driven primarily by our on-the-ground efforts to attract new buyers and sellers in our focus categories.

Shopee has focused much of its innovation on launching value-added services to our ever-expanding seller base, particularly for brands that use our Shopee Mall platform. We continue to expand our support for sellers by offering them integrated logistics and payments solutions as well as fulfilment and other services.

We have begun monetization by rolling out performance-based advertising tools in all of our markets. In Taiwan and in our cross-border transactions, we have also started to charge transaction-based commissions to sellers.

Digital Financial Services

We continue to focus our efforts on building up the infrastructure to support our existing platforms and to improve user experience. One of our recent initiatives in this area is the deeper integration of AirPay with Shopee.

Other Developments

Retirement of Director and Group President and Election of New Director

The Company's Group President and Director, Nicholas A. Nash, plans to retire from his position as the Group President at the end of 2018.  During the period before his retirement, Mr. Nash will continue to advise the Company's Group Chief Executive Officer on the Company's long-term strategic priorities. Concurrent with announcing his retirement, Mr. Nash has also retired from the Company's board as of February 23, 2018. On February 24, 2018, the Company's board elected Tony Tianyu Hou to serve as a director. Mr. Hou is also the Group Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

Amendment of Equity Incentive Plan

The Company has amended its Amended and Restated Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), effective on February 24, 2018, to increase the maximum number of its Class A ordinary shares ("Ordinary Shares") that may be delivered under the Plan from 53,000,000 shares to 83,000,000 shares (the "ESOP Pool Size"), and to increase the ESOP Pool Size on the first day of year 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 by 5% of the total number of Ordinary Shares outstanding on that day immediately before such annual increase. Sea intends to use such increases in the ESOP Pool Size to make equity grants to its management team and other employees, so as to better attract global talents and more closely align the interest of its employees with the Company and its shareholders.

Summary of Financial Results

(Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars "$")

⁽¹⁾ For a discussion of the use of non-GAAP financial measures, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

⁽²⁾ Unallocated expenses are mainly relating to share-based compensation and general and corporate administrative costs such as professional fees and other miscellaneous items that are not allocated to segments. These expenses are excluded from segment results as they are not reviewed by the Chief Operation Decision Maker ("CODM") as part of segment performance.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2016

Revenue

The table below sets forth revenue generated from our reported segments. Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$").

Our total revenue increased by 40.9% to US$124.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$88.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. Our total adjusted revenue increased by 72.8% to US$164.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$95.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. These increases were mainly driven by the growth in each of the segments detailed as follows:

• Digital Entertainment: Revenue increased by 29.0% to US$106.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$82.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. Adjusted revenue increased by 59.2% to US$141.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$89.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily due to the growth of our QAUs to 87.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from 50.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, as we launched new games and expanded our existing games into new markets, which in turn increased the number of our paying users. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we have revised our estimation on certain games' revenue recognition period (including Arena of Valor's), using average paying user lives instead of game licensing periods of the respective games. The change in estimation was based on management's best understanding of the user behaviours reflected in the data that management collected over time. The impact of such changes was accounted for prospectively and was not significant to our digital entertainment revenue had we not made such changes. We believe changing the estimation reflects the economic essence of the respective games better and provides better quality financial reporting. 
• E-Commerce: We began monetizing our e-commerce business in 2017. In the fourth quarter of 2017, our e-commerce revenue was US$5.0 million. Our e-commerce adjusted revenue was US$9.3 million in the same period.
• Digital Financial Services: Revenue increased by 140.0% to US$4.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$1.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily attributable to the addition of use cases to our AirPay platform and a further deepening of our market penetration.
• Other Services: Revenue increased by 112.0% to US$9.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$4.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily due to ancillary services we provide to our e-commerce platform users.

Cost of Revenue

Our total cost of revenue increased by 60.0% to US$101.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$63.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was in line with the overall growth of our businesses:

• Digital Entertainment: Cost of revenue increased by 27.4% to US$60.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$47.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily due to an increase in royalty payments to game developers as well as in other costs directly associated with our digital entertainment segment which were largely in line with the revenue growth of our business.
• Others: Cost of revenue for our other segments combined increased by 157.1% to US$40.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$15.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily due to bank transaction fees driven by GMV growth from our e–commerce business, as well as higher staff compensation and benefit costs. 

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Our total sales and marketing expenses increased by 153.3% to US$156.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$61.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was in line with the overall growth of our businesses. The table below sets forth the breakdown of our sales and marketing expenses of our two major reporting segments. Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$").

• Digital Entertainment: Sales and marketing expenses increased by 26.4% to US$16.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$13.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily due to the launch of new games and our continued efforts to expand our existing games into new markets, which in turn enlarged our user base and increased the number of our paying users.

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of adjusted revenue decreased to 11.9% in the fourth quarter of 2017 from 15.0% in the fourth quarter of 2016 as we continue to improve the efficiency of our marketing efforts.

• E-Commerce: Sales and marketing expenses increased by 206.8% to US$135.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$44.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. The increase in marketing efforts was aligned with our strategy to fully capture the market growth opportunity and was primarily driven by shipping and other promotions on our platform in order to increase user base and enhance user engagement.

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of GMV was 8.5% in the fourth quarter of 2016 and 2017. It improved from 9.7% in the third quarter of 2017.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses increased by 25.3% to US$51.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$41.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This increase was primarily due to an expansion of our staff force, an increase in office facilities and related expenses, as well as an increase in professional fees and other expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses increased by 49.9% to US$8.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 from US$5.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, primarily due to an increase in research and development staff force as we expanded and enriched our product offerings.

Non-operating Income or Losses, Net

Non-operating income or losses consists of interest income, interest expense, investment gain (loss), fair value change for convertible promissory notes and foreign exchange gain (loss). The amount was a net non-operating loss of US$62.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2017, compared to a net non-operating gain of US$15.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This was primarily due to a charge of fair value loss of US$52.0 million from the fair value accounting treatment for the convertible promissory notes and interest expense on those convertible promissory notes recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017; while an investment gain was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2016 due to the disposal of an associated company.

Income Tax Expense

We had an income tax expense of US$8.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 which was primarily due to the corporate income taxes and withholding tax expenses recognized for our digital entertainment segment. The income tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2016 was mainly driven by a reduction in statutory withholding tax rate in one of our markets.

Share of Results of Equity Investees

We had share of losses of equity investees of US$1.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2017, compared with US$5.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This is primarily due to lower losses we picked up following the disposal of an associated company in 2017.

Net Loss

As a result of the foregoing, we had net losses of US$263.1 million and US$72.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Adjusted Net Loss

Adjusted net loss, which is net loss adjusted to remove share-based compensation expenses, was US$251.6 million and US$62.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Full Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Full Year Ended December 31, 2016

Revenue

The table below sets forth revenue generated from our reported segments. Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$").

Our total revenue increased by 19.8% to US$414.2 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$345.7 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. Our total adjusted revenue increased by 58.6% to US$553.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$348.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. These increases were mainly driven by the growth in each of the segments detailed as follows:

• Digital Entertainment: Revenue increased by 11.3% to US$365.2 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$328.0 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. Adjusted revenue increased by 49.7% to US$495.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$331.3 million in the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to the growth of our user base in 2017, as we launched new games and expanded our existing games into new markets, which in turn increased the number of paying users.
• E-Commerce: We began monetizing our e-commerce business in 2017. For the full year ended December 31, 2017, our e-commerce revenue was US$9.0 million. Our e-commerce adjusted revenue was US$17.7 million in the same period.
• Digital Financial Services: Revenue increased by 176.1% to US$16.3 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$5.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily attributable to the addition of use cases to our AirPay platform and a further deepening of our market penetration.
• Other Services: Revenue increased by 101.1% to US$23.7 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$11.8 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to ancillary services we provide to our e-commerce platform users.

Cost of Revenue

Our total cost of revenue increased by 40.5% to US$326.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$232.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was in line with the overall growth of our businesses:

• Digital Entertainment: Cost of revenue increased by 17.6% to US$218.0 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$185.3 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to an increase in royalty payments to game developers as well as in other costs directly associated with our digital entertainment business which were in line with the increased revenue in this segment.
• Others: Cost of revenue for our other segments combined increased by 130.3% to US$108.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$47.3 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to bank transaction fees driven by GMV growth from our e-commerce business, as well as higher staff compensation and benefit costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Our total sales and marketing expenses increased by 127.3% to US$426.0 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$187.4 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was in line with the overall growth of our businesses. The table below sets forth the breakdown of our sales and marketing expenses of our two major reporting segments. Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$").

• Digital Entertainment: Sales and marketing expenses increased by 39.6% to US$61.5 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$44.0 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to the launch of new games and our continued efforts to expand our existing games into new markets, which in turn enlarged our user base and increased the number of our paying users.

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of adjusted revenue decreased to 12.4% for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from 13.3% for the full year ended December 31, 2016 as we continue to improve the efficiency of our marketing efforts.

• E-Commerce: Sales and marketing expenses increased by 169.2% to US$339.8 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$126.2 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in marketing efforts was aligned with our strategy to fully capture the market growth opportunity and was primarily driven by shipping and other promotions on our platform in order to increase user base and enhance user engagement.

Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of GMV decreased to 8.3% for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from 11.0% for the full year ended December 31, 2016.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses increased by 22.7% to US$137.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$112.4 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to an expansion of our staff force, an increase in office facilities and related expenses, as well as an increase in professional fees and other expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses increased by 40.9% to US$29.3 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 from US$20.8 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to an increase in research and development staff force as we expanded and enriched our product offerings.

Non-operating Income or Losses, Net

Non-operating income or losses consists of interest income, interest expense, investment gain (loss), fair value change for convertible promissory notes and foreign exchange gain (loss). The amount was a net non-operating loss of US$46.2 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017, compared to a net non-operating gain of US$8.5 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This is primarily due to a charge of fair value loss of US$52.0 million from the fair value accounting treatment for the convertible promissory notes and interest expenses on those convertible promissory notes, partially offset by an investment gain arising from the disposal of and a net gain arising from re-measurement of our investments in 2017; while an investment gain was recognized in 2016 due to the disposal of an associated company.

Income Tax Expense

We had an income tax expense of US$10.7 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017, compared with an income tax expense of US$8.5 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This was primarily due to higher corporate income tax and withholding tax expenses recognized for our digital entertainment segment in 2017 which was in line with the growth of the business.

Share of Results of Equity Investees

We had share of losses of equity investees of US$1.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017, compared with US$19.5 million for the full year ended December 31, 2016. This is primarily due to lower losses we picked up following the disposal of an associated company in 2017.

Net Loss

As a result of the foregoing, we had net losses of US$561.2 million and US$225.0 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Adjusted Net Loss

Adjusted net loss, which is net loss adjusted to remove share-based compensation expenses, was US$532.5 million and US$196.1 million for the full year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Guidance

For the full year of 2018, we currently expect total adjusted revenue to be US$730 million to US$770 million, representing 31.9% to 39.1% growth from 2017.

We currently expect our e-commerce GMV to be between US$7.5 billion to US$8.0 billion for the full year of 2018, representing 82.4% to 94.5% growth from 2017.

Webcast and Conference Call Information

Mr. Forrest Li, Founder, Chairman and Group Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Nick Nash, Group President; Mr. Tony Hou, Group Chief Financial Officer; and Mr. Alan Hellawell, Group Chief Strategy Officer, will host a conference call today to review Sea's business and financial performance.

Details of the conference call and webcast are as follows:

A replay of the conference call will be available at the Company's investor relations website (http://www.seagroup.com/investor/financials). An archived webcast will be available at the same link above.

For enquiries, please contact:

Investors / analysts: ir@seagroup.com

Media: media@seagroup.com or sea@brunswickgroup.com

About Sea Limited

Sea's mission is to better the lives of the consumers and small businesses of our region with technology. Our region includes the key markets of Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore. Sea operates three platforms across digital entertainment, e-commerce, and digital financial services, known as Garena, Shopee, and AirPay, respectively.

Forward Looking Statements

This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the "safe harbor" provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates," "confident," "guidance" and similar statements. Among other things, statements that are not historical facts, including statements about Sea's beliefs and expectations, the business, financial and market outlook and projections from its management in this announcement, as well as Sea's strategic and operational plans, contain forward-looking statements. Sea may also make written or oral forward-looking statements in its periodic reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), in its annual report to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by its officers, directors or employees to third parties. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: Sea's goals and strategies; its future business development, financial condition and results of operations; the growth in, and market size of, the digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services industries in our region, including segments within those industries; changes in its revenue, costs or expenditures; its ability to continue to source, develop and offer new and attractive online games and to offer other engaging digital entertainment content; the growth of its digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services platforms; the growth in its user base and their level of engagement; its ability to continue to develop new technologies and/or upgrade its existing technologies; growth of and trends of its markets and competition in its industry; government policies and regulations relating to its industry; and general economic and business conditions in the markets it has businesses. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in Sea's filings with the SEC. All information provided in this press release and in the attachments is as of the date of this press release, and Sea undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required under applicable law.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we use the following non-GAAP financial measures to help evaluate our operating performance:

• "Adjusted revenue" of our digital entertainment segment represents revenue of the digital entertainment segment plus change in digital entertainment deferred revenue. This financial measure is used as an approximation of cash spent by our users in the applicable period that is attributable to our digital entertainment segment. Although other companies may present such measures related to gross billings differently or not at all, we believe that the adjusted revenue of our digital entertainment segment provides useful information to investors about the segment's core operating results, enhancing their understanding of our past performance and future prospects.
• "Adjusted revenue" of our e-commerce segment represents revenue (currently consisting of advertising income) of the e-commerce segment plus commission income (before deducting sales incentives from commission income). This financial measure enables our investors to follow trends in our e-commerce monetization capability over time and is a useful performance measure.
• "Total adjusted revenue" represents the sum of adjusted revenue of our digital entertainment segment, the adjusted revenue of our e-commerce segment, the revenue of our digital financial services segment, and the revenue of our other services. This financial measure enables our investors to follow trends in our overall group monetization capability over time and is a useful performance measure.
• "Adjusted net loss" represents net loss excluding share-based compensation expense. We believe that the adjusted net loss helps to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of certain expenses that are included in net loss. The use of adjusted net loss has its limitations in that it does not include all items that impact the net loss or income for the period, and share-based compensation is a recurring significant expense.
• "Adjusted EBITDA" for our digital entertainment segment represents operating income (loss) before share-based compensation plus (a) depreciation and amortization expenses, and (b) net effect of changes in deferred revenue and its related cost for our digital entertainment segment. Although other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently or not present it at all, we believe that the segment adjusted EBITDA helps to identify underlying trends in our operating results, enhancing their understanding of the past performance and future prospects.
• "Adjusted EBITDA" for our e-commerce segment represents operating income (loss) before share-based compensation plus (a) depreciation and amortization expenses, and (b) e-commerce commission income before deducting sales incentives. Although other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently or not present it at all, we believe that the segment adjusted EBITDA helps to identify underlying trends in our operating results, enhancing their understanding of the past performance and future prospects.
• "Adjusted EBITDA" for our digital financial services segment and other services segment represents operating income (loss) before share-based compensation plus depreciation and amortization expenses. Although other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently or not present it at all, we believe that the segment adjusted EBITDA helps to identify underlying trends in our operating results, enhancing their understanding of the past performance and future prospects.
• "Total adjusted EBITDA" represents the sum of adjusted EBITDA of all our segments combined, plus unallocated expenses. Although other companies may calculate adjusted EBITDA differently or not present it at all, we believe that the total adjusted EBITDA helps to identify underlying trends in our operating results, enhancing their understanding of the past performance and future prospects.

These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. None of the above financial measures should be considered in isolation or construed as an alternative to revenue, net loss/income, or any other measure of performance or as an indicator of our operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures presented here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Other companies may calculate similarly titled measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures to Sea's data. We compensate for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to their nearest U.S. GAAP financial measures, all of which should be considered when evaluating our performance. We encourage you to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on any single financial measure.

The tables below present selected financial information of our reporting segments and its non-GAAP financial measures that are most directly comparable to GAAP financial measures and the related reconciliations between the financial measures. Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$").

⁽¹⁾ Unallocated expenses are mainly relating to share-based compensation and general and corporate administrative costs such as professional fees and other miscellaneous items that are not allocated to segments. These expenses are excluded from segments results as they are not reviewed by the CODM as part of segment performance.

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$") except for number of shares & per share data

⁽¹⁾ For a discussion of the use of non-GAAP financial measures, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$")

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$")

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$")

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Amounts expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$")

1 REVENUE – OTHERS

Revenue – Others includes our e-commerce segment's advertising income and commission income charged to the sellers on its marketplace, net of promotional incentives. These promotional incentives being net-off against the revenue amounted to US$4.4 million and US$8.7 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively.

2 SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has three reportable segments, namely digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services. The Chief Operation Decision Maker ("CODM") reviews the performance of each segment based on revenue and certain key operating metrics of the operations and uses these results for the purposes of allocating resources to and evaluating the financial performance of each segment. Amounts are expressed in thousands of US dollars ("$").

⁽¹⁾ Unallocated expenses are mainly relating to share-based compensation and general and corporate administrative costs such as professional fees and other miscellaneous items that are not allocated to segments. These expenses are excluded from segment results as they are not reviewed by the CODM as part of segment performance.

SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONAL METRICS